Informe del estado de situación del Sistema Regular de Aportes Gubernamentales (SRAG) al ILPES

Report on the activities relating to the Planbarometer

Macroeconomic shocks and policy reforms: lessons from the 1999 downturn in Chile

This article analyses the Chilean government’s response to the 1999 recession that followed on from the Asian financial crisis, focusing on the macroeconomic policy reforms adopted and the institutional factors that influenced this response. The analysis is based on a review of previous research on the topic and suggests that some fiscal and monetary policies adopted during 1997−1998 exacerbated the effects of what were initially external shocks. However, fiscal discipline and the robust public institutions developed before and after the recession strengthened Chilean social protection policie…

Colombia’s potential for trade with the European Union and other major global markets

This paper identifies potential for trade between Colombia and the European Union following the implementation of a free trade agreement as from 2013. Predictions of potential are based on estimates produced by the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator applied to a gravity model, controlling for unobserved omitted variable bias with exporter and importer time-varying fixed effects on a sample of 153 countries, from 1980 to 2012. Untapped potential is found in both directions of trade flows. The results could increase the effectiveness of trade policy and define companies’ expansion plans…

Deindustrialization, labour and violence in El Salvador

This study explores how deindustrialization is influencing the labour market in El Salvador. The variables under analysis are disaggregated by sex in order to permit an analysis of the differences in the ways that women and men react to deindustrialization. The results indicate that deindustrialization has led to a decline in quality employment and an upswing in self-employment, at the same time that the female labour force participation rate has risen and the male participation rate has fallen. This all occurred in parallel with the economic measures introduced in the 1990s and reflects the r…

Functional distribution of income and growth regime in Peru, 1942−2013

This paper begins by reviewing the literature on the relation between economic growth and the functional distribution of income since the time of the classical economists, highlighting the work of Kalecki and the post-Keynesians who develop the growthregimes approach. It reconstructs and analyses statistics on the shares of wages, income from self-employment (or from mixed sources) and profits in Peru’s GDP between 1942 and 2013, and then compares these shares with the averages for Latin America and other economies. The study then makes a comparative analysis of trends in the wage share and ra…

The geography of development in Latin America and the Caribbean: towards a new multidimensional taxonomy of the Sustainable Development Goals

The Latin America and the Caribbean region has an ambiguous place in the new geography of development: while it is a predominantly middle-income region, it is home to no more than 3% of the world’s poor population. Consequently, there is a risk that the international community will (mis)interpret this situation as meaning that the region need not be prioritized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Nonetheless, the Sustainable Development Goals are not merely a strategy to combat economic poverty, but also a multidimensional strategy that defines a complex world map of priorities. Th…

Asymmetric monetary and exchange-rate policies in Latin American countries that use inflation targeting

In recent decades, Latin American countries have adopted more flexible exchange-rate regimes and set inflation targets. Several authors argue that some countries’ monetary and exchange-rate policies suffer from a procyclical bias, whereby central banks are reluctant to reduce interest rates when inflation falls, but are willing to increase them when inflation edges up. Therefore, the exchange rate tends to appreciate a lot and depreciate little. This paper analyses the asymmetry of the monetary and exchange rate policies of the five largest Latin American countries in which inflation targets a…

CEPAL Review no. 125

Health-care expenditures, economic growth and infant mortality: evidence from developed and developing countries

This paper investigates the effects of health-care expenditures on child mortality rates using a simultaneous-equation model for 93 developed and developing countries with data spanning the period 1995–2012. The findings show that health expenditure has a positive effect on reducing child mortality only for upper-middle-income and high-income countries, whereas for low-income and lower-middle-income countries, health spending does not have a significant impact on child health status. It is also found that at lower development levels, public health spending has a greater effect on mortality rat…

Knowledge networks associated with the production of natural resources in Latin America: a comparative analysis

The opportunities for innovation that arise from natural-resource production are associated with the formation of knowledge networks that facilitate learning both within and outside the sectors in question. This article identifies the types of knowledge networks associated with innovation activities in the natural-resource domain using four case studies from the region: the livestock sector in Argentina, the mining sector in Chile, agriculture in Paraguay and forestry in Uruguay. The results show that, in all four cases, natural-resource producers form networks in which scientific knowledge is…

Technical progress in GDP production and CO2 emissions in Brazil: 1970−2012

In this study, technical progress is analysed in terms of its influence on the mix of inputs of labour, capital and energy that go into the production of gross domestic product (GDP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results of this analysis show that the Brazilian economy exhibited a Marx-biased pattern of technical progress during the period under study. Within the framework of this overall pattern, however, three different phases of technical progress in Brazil can be identified. Between 1970 and 1980, a Marx-biased pattern was observed, followed by the stagnation of technical progres…

ECLAC Will Present in Mexico its Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018

The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) will present its annual report Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018 on Thursday, August 23, at 11 a.m. (GMT -5) at the organization’s Subregional Headquarters in Mexico, in Mexico City. The report, which will provide updated economic growth projections for the countries of the region, will be unveiled at a press conference led by the Executive Secretary of the United Nations regional organization, Alicia Bárcena. The launch will also be transmitted live via the Internet on the institution’s website (www.cepa…

CEPAL presentará en México su Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2018

La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) presentará su informe anual Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2018 el jueves 23 de agosto, a las 11:00 a.m. (GMT -5 hrs.) en la Sede Subregional del organismo en México, en Ciudad de México. El reporte, que entregará proyecciones de crecimiento económico actualizadas para los países de la región, será dado a conocer en una conferencia de prensa encabezada por la Secretaria Ejecutiva del organismo regional de las Naciones Unidas, Alicia Bárcena. El lanzamiento será transmitido también en directo por internet en el sitio…

CEPAL apresentará no México o Estudo Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe 2018

A Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) apresentará o Relatório anual Estudo Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe 2018 na quinta-feira, 23 de agosto, às 11h (13h de Brasília) na sede sub-regional da CEPAL, na Cidade do México. O relatório apresentará as projeções de crescimento econômico atualizadas para os países da região e será divulgado em uma coletiva de imprensa liderada pela Secretária-Executiva do organismo regional da ONU, Alicia Bárcena. O lançamento será transmitido ao vivo pelo site da CEPAL (www.cepal.org). Haverá transmissão ao vivo também, por videoconfe…

Mejorar la cooperación para el desarrollo internacional

PARÍS (Project Syndicate) – Estos son tiempos difíciles para la cooperación internacional. Con el creciente proteccionismo, las florecientes disputas comerciales y una preocupante falta de consideración por intereses compartidos como el cambio climático, el mundo parece estar dándole la espalda al multilateralismo. Y, sin embargo, la cooperación sigue siendo una de las mejores esperanzas que albergamos para abordar los desafíos más complejos de la humanidad vinculados al desarrollo. De la misma manera que el Plan Marshall reconstruyó una Europa azotada por la guerra y los Objetivos de Desarrol…

Gastos e ingresos públicos en América Latina desde fines de los años ochenta hasta 2015: tendencias observadas, desafíos actuales y lineamientos de reformas

El propósito del presente documento es brindar una evaluación exhaustiva de la evolución de los gastos y los ingresos públicos en los países de América Latina durante las últimas décadas. Ello ha permitido señalar los desafíos que deberá enfrentar la política fiscal de la región, diferenciando grupos de países, políticas sectoriales de gasto y modalidades de financiamiento (principalmente tributaria).…

Informe de actividades del Planbarómetro

The Hummingbird Vol.5 No.8

Progreso técnico y productos deseados y no deseados en el Brasil: 1970-2012

En el presente artículo se analiza el progreso técnico en la producción de productos deseados y no deseados en la economía brasileña en el período 1970-2012. Se considera que la combinación de los insumos trabajo, capital y energía genera un producto deseado, el producto interno bruto (PIB), y un producto no deseado, las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados revelan que, en el período analizado, la economía brasileña presentó un patrón de progreso técnico de sesgo marxista y ahorrador de energía. Sin embargo, se distinguen tres fases de cambio técnico: en la primera, entre 1970…