This overview examines the economic performance of economies of the Caribbean in 2021 and comprises four chapters. The first chapter provides a comparative analysis across Caribbean economies of the main macroeconomic variables, namely GDP growth, monetary indicators, as well as fiscal and external accounts. The second chapter concludes, while the annex includes individual country briefs that give an overview of the economic situation for the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and a subregional assessment of the countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currenc…
This book presents a comparative analysis of the policy responses of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean to the challenges that greater external financial openness and price and exchange-rate flexibility pose to economic stability. Greater external openness has significantly narrowed developing economies’ policy space, while at the same time increasing the potential for financial fragility and instability. These challenges, which have come to the fore since the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, are also manifest in the profound impact of the COVID-19 pa…
In its 2022 edition, this ECLAC annual report examines the foreign trade performance of the region’s economies during the year. It consists of three chapters. The first examines recent developments in global and regional trade amid the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, record-high inflation rates, the global economic slowdown, geopolitical tensions and the difficulties faced by China in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter II presents an overview of the region’s foreign trade in manufactures in the past three decades, with particular emphasis on its export performance. …
En su edición 2022, este informe anual de la CEPAL examina el comportamiento del comercio exterior de las economías durante el año y consta de tres capítulos. El primero examina la evolución reciente del comercio mundial y regional en un contexto marcado por el conflicto entre la Federación de Rusia y Ucrania, tasas de inflación históricamente elevadas, la ralentización de la economía mundial, tensiones geopolíticas y las dificultades que enfrenta China para contener la pandemia de COVID-19. El segundo presenta un panorama del comercio exterior de manufacturas de la región durante las últimas …
Los bonos de impacto son un innovador mecanismo de financiamiento que busca atraer inversión privada hacia políticas públicas sociales, con énfasis en intervenciones preventivas o de atención temprana parala salud, la educación y la administración de justicia. Asimismo, ofrecen la posibilidad de compartir algunos de los riesgos inherentes a la innovación de políticas, y su financiamiento, con inversionistas privados.
Destacando el potencial de los bonos de impacto como un mecanismo para encontrar soluciones innovadoras a los desafíos de la política social, este documento evalúa el papel de los…
United States trade in goods sustained the recovery that began in 2021. In the first six months of 2022, goods exports increased by 21% compared to the prior-year period, while goods imports rose by 22%. Trade in services has not fully recovered, as major service industries such as travel and transport are still experiencing the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
United States-Latin America and the Caribbean Trade Developments 2022 provides an overview of selected developments in trade relations between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean. In light of the global focu…
The United States economy grew by 2.9% in the third quarter of 2022, a sharp turnaround following two quarters of contraction. Trade was the main source of growth, followed by consumer spending. The labour market averaged 392,000 new jobs per month from January–November 2022, with 4.3 million new jobs created in the period. Inflation rose by 7.1% in November, the slowest 12-month pace since December 2021, closing out a year in which it climbed to the highest level in four decades. The rapid pace of price increases in 2022 added pressure on the Federal Reserve to tame inflation by raising inter…
O presente relatório O Investimento Estrangeiro Direto na América Latina e no Caribe é a edição correspondente a 2022 da série anual publicada pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL).
Num contexto de fraca recuperação econômica, a América Latina e o Caribe receberam 142,794 bilhões de dólares de investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) em 2021, 40,7% mais que em 2020; porém, este crescimento não foi suficiente para alcançar os níveis registrados antes da pandemia. Em todo o mundo, os montantes de IED aumentaram 64% em 2021, alcançando aproximadamente 1,6 trilhão de dólar…
In a context of external uncertainties and domestic restrictions, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean will grow by 3.7% in 2022, just over half of the 6.7% rate recorded in 2021. It is estimated that the deceleration in economic growth will intensify in 2023, giving rise to a 1.3% rate.
According to its Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2022 – unveiled by the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs – the monetary policy responses adopted worldwide in 2022, in a …
En un contexto de incertidumbres externas y restricciones internas, los países de América Latina y el Caribe crecerán un 3,7% en 2022, poco más de la mitad de la tasa del 6,7% registrada en 2021. Se estima que en 2023 se profundice la desaceleración del crecimiento económico y se alcance una tasa del 1,3%.
De acuerdo con el Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2022, dado a conocer por el Secretario Ejecutivo de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs, las respuestas de política monetaria adoptadas a nivel …
Num contexto de incertezas externas e restrições internas, os países da região crescerão 3,7% em 2022, pouco mais da metade da taxa de 6,7% registrada em 2021. Estima-se que em 2023 se aprofunde a desaceleração do crescimento econômico e se alcance uma taxa de 1,3%.
De acordo com o Balanço Preliminar das Economias da América Latina e do Caribe 2022, divulgado pelo Secretário Executivo da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL), José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs, as respostas de política monetária adotadas mundialmente em 2022, num contexto de aumento da inflação global, provoca…
The 2022 edition of Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean examines the behavior of the region’s economies over the current year and updates estimates for growth and other economic indicators that reflect the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the region’s countries along with their subsequent recovery. Specifically, this annual report presents new Gross Domestic Product (GDP) estimates for the region and all of its countries in 2022 as well as projections for 2023. The document analyzes the economic and social dynamics of the year that is about to end and discu…
A atividade econômica da América Latina e do Caribe em 2022 apresenta uma taxa de crescimento superior à esperada durante o primeiro semestre do ano e desaceleração durante o segundo semestre. A desaceleração observada na segunda metade de 2022 se manterá em 2023, permitindo prever que no próximo ano a taxa de crescimento será significativamente menor que a de 2022.…
Against a backdrop of tightening global financing conditions and higher global borrowing costs, Latin American and Caribbean issuers placed US$ 58.5 billion in bonds on international markets from January to October 2022, around 60% less than in the same period of 2021, with an average coupon almost 1.5% higher. The region’s international issuance of environmental, social and governance (ESG) bonds followed the broader market downturn in bond activity, particularly in the corporate sector, owing to worse macroeconomic conditions; however, it showed some resilience, slowing less markedly than ov…
Employment Situation in Latin America and the Caribbean is a twice-yearly report prepared jointly by the Economic Development Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Office for the Southern Cone of Latin America of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to an unprecedented crisis in the region’s economies and in its labour markets, where the recovery has been slow, partial and uneven. However, as noted in the first part of this report, there were favourable changes in the main indicators of th…
El informe Coyuntura Laboral en América Latina y el Caribe es una publicación semestral elaborada en forma conjunta por la División de Desarrollo Económico de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Oficina para el Cono Sur de América Latina de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT).
La pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) provocó una crisis sin precedentes en las economías y mercados laborales de la región, y el proceso de recuperación de estos últimos ha sido lento, incompleto y asimétrico. Sin embargo, como se señala en la primera sección de …
Este ensayo analiza el rol que cumplen los derechos especiales de giro (DEG) en la arquitectura financiera internacional, resaltando sus limitantes. El DEG fue la respuesta al principal problema que aquejó la economía internacional entre 1920 y 1971: la insuficiencia de liquidez en la economía mundial. Más de medio siglo después de su creación, no ha cumplido con sus dos fines principales: ser el principal activo de reserva en la economía global y ser un instrumento central para manejar el ciclo económico global.…