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Indicadores de la política fiscal: diseño y aplicaciones en América Latina
El Salvador: evolución económica durante 1994
Participación de las empresas transnacionales en las exportaciones argentinas
INTRODUCCIÓN En las últimas dos décadas la economía argentina sufrió múltiples transformaciones que tienden a conformar un sistema de organización de la producción claramente diferenciado del vigente en el pasado. Estos cambios han sido particularmente intensos en el sector industrial. En este sentido, si bien el nuevo modelo de industrialización no se ha terminado de definir, es evidente que difiere sustancialmente de aquél basado en la sustitución de importaciones, que caracterizó a la Argentina desde 1930. Estos cambios estructurales tienen sus fundamentos tanto en las modificaciones de con…
Costa Rica: focalización y seguimiento de programas sociales en gran escala
La descentralización de la salud en América Latina: la municipalización de los sistemas locales de salud
El mercado mundial del banano
Competitividad internacional, estrategia empresarial y papel de las regiones
A summary of the ECLAC proposals
There is growing consensus that although a solid, balanced macroeconomic base is a necessary condition for development, it is not of itself enough to ensure that development is actually achieved or that its fruits will be enjoyed by the population as a whole. In a series of documents, ECLAC has been defining a coherent agenda of public policy reforms designed to ensure a change in production patterns accompanied by greater social equity. This article seeks to present a summary of this proposal, leaving aside for this reason the underlying diagnosis of the regional situation and the general fra…
Post-conflict peace-building: a challenge for the United Nations
The multidisciplinary peace-keeping and post-conflict peace-building (PCPB); operations of today have imposed on the United Nations a multifaceted and complex role, comprising both verification and good offices functions in a wide variety of areas. This has put tremendous pressure on the human and financial resources of the Organization. As a result, many flaws in the United Nations system have been brought to light, such as the inadequate coordination that exists between the different bodies of the Organization and its inability to address problems associated with peace and development in a r…
The political economy of protection after the Uruguay Round
This paper discusses the interplay between domestic policies and foreign interests under the institutional framework to be administered by' the World Trade Organization (WTO);. It presents a theoretical model that treats the WTO as the forum for an overlapping game which provides the rules for the maintenance of an open trading system among economies that are periodically submitted to protectionist pressures. Overlapping games occur when a particular player is engaged at the same time in games against distinct opponents, and when the strategy pursued in one game limits strategies availabl…
Capital movements and external financing
This article explores the causes, consequences, magnitude and forms of a phenomenon which is of fundamental importance in the current scene and has enormous implications for the Latin American economies: the growing pace of international capital movements. Many billions of dollars are shifted across national borders by satellite, and a small part of this amount has become the basic element in Latin America's external financing. This financial globalization has its roots in the accumulation of enormous tied liquid surpluses, the generalized liberalization of capital accounts after the coll…
The impact of exchange-rate and trade policy on export performance in the 1980s
The region's changeover from a shortage of external funds to a relatively plentiful supply of such resources at a time when an effort is being made to liberalize its trade and financial sectors raises a number of questions regarding the effect of this phenomenon on the growth of Latin American exports. In an effort to answer these questions, the author examines a number of different attempts to arrive at a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between exchange and trade policies and the region's export performance in the 1980s. The main conclusions drawn from this analysis are …