We use panel data for Brazilian states from 1995 to 2009 to analyse the impact of economic growth and income inequality on poverty change in Brazil, seeking to evaluate the Bourguignon (2003) hypothesis that the more unequal a country is, the less effective economic growth will be at reducing poverty. To this end, we estimate poverty elasticities relative to income and inequality, specifying two dynamic econometric models estimated via the generalized method of moments (GMM) system developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). The model-estimate…
Para analizar los efectos del crecimiento económico y la desigualdad de los ingresos en la pobreza del Brasil se utilizan datos de panel para los estados brasileños de 1995 a 2009 y se evalúa la hipótesis de Bourguignon (2003) de que a mayor desigualdad en un país, menos eficaz resultará el crecimiento económico para reducir la pobreza. Estimamos las elasticidades pobreza-ingreso y pobrezadesigualdad mediante dos modelos econométricos dinámicos basados en el método generalizado de momentos de Arellano y Bond (1991), Arellano y Bover (1995) y Blundell y Bond (1998). Se concluye que a menor desa…
Logit, binary and multinomial models are used in this study to determine the impact of objective and perceived working conditions on workers’ job satisfaction. Possible differences between job satisfaction in the Metropolitan Region and in other areas of Chile are also explored. The data used in this analysis are drawn from the first National Survey on Employment, Work, Health and Quality of Life of Workers in Chile (ENETS). Wage levels were found to have a positive impact across the board, while residence in an area other than the Metropolitan Region also had a significantly positive effect. …
Este artículo analiza, mediante modelos logit binario y multinomial, el impacto de las condiciones objetivas de empleo y aspectos de percepción en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores. Además, se indaga en posibles diferencias entre la Región Metropolitana y otras zonas de Chile. Los datos provienen de la primera Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Empleo, Trabajo, Salud y Calidad de Vida de los Trabajadores y Trabajadoras en Chile (ENETS). Se concluye que el salario ejerce un impacto positivo sistemáticamente. Además, se estima que residir en una zona distinta de la Región Metropolitan…
The “optimum” long-run real exchange rate is the rate that will efficiently channel production resources into industries that generate and diffuse productivity gains in the economy as a whole and that will thus tend to speed up and sustain the economic development process. Rather than employing conventional models, a structuralist-Keynesian model is used to demonstrate, both theoretically and empirically, that the factors influencing the path of the long-run real exchange rate and the divergence of the observed real exchange rate from the “optimum” real exchange rate in terms of economic devel…
El tipo de cambio real “óptimo” a largo plazo es aquel que, al redirigir eficientemente los recursos productivos hacia los sectores generadores y difusores de incrementos de productividad para la economía en general, tiende a acelerar y sostener el desarrollo económico. A diferencia de los modelos convencionales, se utiliza un modelo estructuralista-keynesiano para demostrar, teórica y empíricamente, que los factores que influyen en la trayectoria del tipo de cambio real a largo plazo y el distanciamiento del tipo de cambio real observado con respecto al tipo de cambio real “óptimo” para el de…
The effectiveness and efficiency of a national vocational education and training (VET) system depends, amongst others, on whether it provides its learners with the required skills now and in the future. These requirements have changed over the last decades and they are expected to change again in the future. National VET systems need to adapt to these changes in time to avoid costly skill mismatches as not having the right skills means lower wages and lower job satisfaction for workers, lower productivity and more hiring costs for employers, and lower economic output for the economy as a whole…
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