El objetivo del documento Ciencia y tecnología en el Arco del Pacífico Latinoamericano: espacios para innovar y competir es diagnosticar las capacidades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, y su importancia para la competitividad, de los países que componen el Arco del Pacífico Latinoamericano (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá y Perú) —denominado como países del Arco en lo restante de este documento—, y la región de Asia-Pacífico, identificando espacios de cooperación internacional de transferencia tecnológica y de co…
This report is commissioned by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, with the overall purpose of examining the extent to which the pursuit of sustainable development in the Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is guided by human rights considerations and, more specifically, to what extent human rights principles, norms, and standards are being integrated and mainstreamed in development programmes and projects, following a rights-based approach to development. For ECLAC itself, this is a relatively new approach…
Since the 1990s, despite some setbacks, Latin American and Caribbean countries, have advanced in the process of setting up national mechanisms for the advancement of women and have managed to carve out a formal space in the state apparatus as part of the democratization process that has transpired in the region in the past few years. In the more developed countries in the region truly significant advances have been accomplished in recent years. Crucial in this re-structuring of society have been the last four Regional Conferences on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean1 called upon by ECLA…
En comparación con el período 2003-2007, que fue el más favorable de la economía mundial y regional en 40 años, el futuro presenta mayores desafíos. A principios de la próxima década, tanto la economía como el comercio internacional serán menos dinámicos, habrá mayores tensiones competitivas y presiones proteccionistas, así como más dificultades de acceso al financiamiento. El contexto global posterior a la crisis estará marcado por la desaceleración del crecimiento, las elevadas tasas de desempleo en las economías industrializadas y la necesidad de restaurar la sostenibilidad de las cuentas p…
The social partnership process is acknowledged by most independent observers as an important cornerstone underpinning the rapid economic growth of Ireland. It is seen as a virtuous circle in the economy between government, employers, labor, farmers and voluntary groups encompassing pay, profitability, investment, employment and tax reform. It means that all groups in Irish society have a stakeholding in economic and social progress and in the strengthening of social cohesion. The real secret behind the success of the Irish social partnership model can be summarized in one phrase - a shared u…
The Finish case of industrial renewal from essentially natural-resource- based industries toward machinery, engineering, electronics, and ICT is of particular relevance for Latin-American countries. The study explains the crucial role of the finish innovation system and the long-term public-private partnership in the industrial transformation towards a higher knowledge intensity and value added economy. The report recognizes the importance of innovation investments, but estimates as equal essential consistent long term strategies on facilitating conditions to build up, cooperative, confidentia…
Given the risks the world economy is still facing and the ascendancy of Brazil and India as major growth poles of the global economy, government authorities in Latin America and the Caribbean should redouble their efforts to identify and capitalize upon the potential complementarities created by greater integration with the BRICs. In view of the inter-industrial nature of trade between India and Latin America including Brazil, the region should seek to create partnerships between its firms and successful Indian companies, in order to gain access to supply chains that produce more complex, tech…
Over the past two years the global economy has experienced substantial economic turmoil, resulting
in severe economic contraction. While there has been a recent return to growth, this situation has
impacted all economic sectors worldwide. In the highly tourism-dependent region of the Caribbean,
the impact of the global economic crisis has been most notable on the tourism sector, which, from the
early 1990s, became the key driver of economic growth for the region. The eventual emergence of
this sector reflects an economic development history which was previously underpinned by the export
of agr…
Singapore has been touted as a success story in the development literature.1 Various theories (Haggard and Kaufman, eds., 1992)2 have been offered to explain how and why the city-state has succeeded, but none of them has received unanimous approval. There is no debate on the success itself, what is at issue is how that success came about and how it has been sustained. For many it is a combination of the right policies and timing; for some, exploitation of a strategic position in the region; and for even others, a one-party dominant political system that allows for consistency in decision-maki…
Los capítulos que conforman este libro, abarcan desde la visión más general del sistema de banda ancha hasta la propuesta de líneas de acción específicas para la política pública. Una parte importante del mismo se destina a evaluar la dinámica y los efectos económicos de la banda ancha en América Latina y el Caribe, esfuerzo que es particularmente difícil, dada la carencia de información sobre el particular, tanto a nivel agregado como sectorial. Esto reafirma una de las recomendaciones de política del último capítulo: la necesidad de avanzar significativamente en el desarrollo de sistemas de …
At the global level, trade in services has been the most dynamic sector, with an average growth rate about double that in the primary and manufacturing sectors. However, the three activities have a completely different composition in terms of type of labour, services being the most skill-intensive. In Uruguay, the formation of human resources shows several weaknesses; which leads one to ask: Is Uruguay prepared to take advantage of the opportunities open in the global market? If not, what are the consequences? A simulation exercise was tried consisting of an increase in external demand for ski…
Abstract:
The global financial crisis that emerged in developed countries' markets revealed the shortcomings of an economic policy approach which believed in the self-regulation of markets and minimized the role of the State. The post-crisis reality demands a reformulation of the role of the State. Latin America and the Caribbean countries face this challenge in a context of ongoing changes in the world production structure that threaten its position in the global economy. Although many Latin American and Caribbean countries were successful in overcoming the crisis, four key areas of policymak…
This paper presents a review of the support provided by the ECLAC Subregional
Headquarters for the Caribbean to small island developing States in the Caribbean for the
further implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Implementation of the Barbados
Programme of Action. This report forms part of the MSI+5 Review and addresses
structural support through the establishment of the Regional Coordinating Mechanism
and the Technical Advisory Committee, and the applied research conducted by ECLAC
which is intended to lead to policy implementation.…
The present report explains the development path of Korea, from a country which started its development with a lack of natural resources, industrial facilities, sufficient foreign reserves and business experiences and with human resources as its only productive factor at the disposal, to its successful technological catch-up, export performance and economic development. The study clarifies this development by concentrating on the formulation and implementation mechanism of development strategies and policies with the emphasis on trade; the technological capability building process and institu…
The project comprises three phases of which Phase I would be implemented over the period
September to December 2008. The major objectives of Phase I are, firstly, to establish the scope and
feasibility of carrying out a study on the costs/benefits of taking action on climate change adaptation
and cost effectiveness of mitigation in the Caribbean compared to a “business as usual” scenario, and
secondly, to support initial actions to alert policymakers and key influencing constituencies to the
urgency of this challenge.…
El Foro Ministerial fue organizado por la Presidencia española de la Unión Europea, en colaboración con la Comisión Europea y con el apoyo de la CEPAL. Alrededor de 150 representantes de las dos regiones participaron de las labores de redacción de la Declaración de La Granja e intercambiaron experiencias en estrategias de desarrollo de las Sociedades de la Información.
En el evento participaron representantes de Alemania, Argentina, Austria, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Comisión Europea, Costa Rica, Cuba, República Checa, Dinamarca, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, España, Hungría…
The small island developing States (SIDS) of the Caribbean referred to in this report comprise Antigua
and Barbuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname,
The Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago and the United States Virgin Islands. As far back as 1994,
these countries expressed commitment to implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA)
for SIDS and have reiterated their support in making progress in achieving the targets set…
This article, which forms part of a comprehensive research projecton measuring the level of competitiveness, sets out a proposal fordeveloping an index to measure the competitiveness of the regions of acountry. The aim is to develop a new approach to competitiveness, bymeasuring how resources and capacities are managed in a given regionof a country, to generate a sustained increase in business productivity andthe well-being of its population. The following pillars of the competitivenessof regions are identified: (i); government and institutions; (ii); economicdevelopment; (iii); productive inf…
The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), in terms of access to mobile telephony and Internet services, the incorporation of computers into everyday activities and the development of electronic services and applications, took Latin American societies and governments by surprise, as their sudden proliferation in the second half of the 1990s called for a new public policy focus when areas traditionally considered as development priorities had not yet been fully addressed. Although the countries of the region acknowledged ICTs as a means for economic and social d…