La descentralización de los servicios sociales es un eje esencial de las reformas de política social que se están efectuando en América Latina para hacer más eficiente la provisión de estos servicios y fortalecer los procesos de democratización. Aquí se analizan los procesos de descentralización de la educación en siete países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Nicaragua);. Se intenta sistematizar estas experiencias, utilizando una tipología teórica de modelos de reforma; mostrar algunos resultados y tendencias en cuanto a eficiencia y equidad de la provisi…
This study analyses the relations between the noteworthy performance of Chilean exports over the last two decades and the high economic growth rate of the country since the mid-1980s. It concludes that the Chilean experience may be described as a case of export-led growth rather than one of growth-led exports . What were the causes of Chile's export success? Trade liberalization acted as an important stimulus, but this success was also due to other policies, both horizontal and sectoral: the exchange-rate policy followed since 1982, the introduction of drawback arra…
This article analyses five types of international trade based on the competitive advantages afforded to under-developed countries by their environmental resources endowment. First of all, specialization of such countries in the production of highly polluting goods and services is studied, recalling the conventional specialization in the production and export of goods making intensive use of natural resources. The commercial exploitation of the recreational services of natural parks and the exploitation of biodiversity in pharmaceutical research is then referred to. The use for profit of some e…
This article analyses the systems of regulation of the natural gas market in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, which are the Latin American countries that have made most progress in this field, and it also presents some information on countries which had not yet defined their regulatory systems at the time of writing, such as Peru and Venezuela. First of all, it describes the situation of the natural gas industry worldwide and defines Latin America's place in it. It then studies the changes that have taken place in natural gas regulation systems in the region in the 1990s, e…
Decentralization of social services is one of the central elements of the social policy reforms being carried out in Latin America in order to make the provision of such services more efficient and to strengthen the democratization processes. This article analyses the processes of decentralization of education in seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Nicaragua);. It seeks to systematize these experiences, using a theoretical typology of reform models; to present some results and trends in terms of the efficiency and equity of the provision of t…
Institute of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Gabriel Porcile Fabio Scatolin Professors, Department of Economics, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. This article reviews various different growth models, with emphasis on the interactions between economies with differing degrees of technological development. It takes as its starting point the proposals put forward by ECLAC in the 1950s (section II);; as subsequent proposals by ECLAC in the 1980s and 1990s have incorporated various contributions made by more recent models i…
This article seeks to rethink the conceptual framework for the formulation of industrial policy in the conditions currently being faced by most of the more industrialized countries of the region; it may be noted that the debate has very similar features in the economies at an intermediate level of industrial development too. The authors review the different theories on government intervention (section II); and the industrial policy arguments (section III);. They then consider the situation of the developing countries, taking a structuralist view (section IV); and the interaction of the macro- …
Resumen
La presente compilación consta de cuatro partes, en cuya primera figuran dos trabajos sobre el tema de la globalización y de su impacto social, como marco referencial amplio de las nuevas modalidades de la integración latinoamericana. En el primero (Aspectos sociales de la integración regional); se examinan los procesos de globalización y regionalización de los mercados y sus repercusiones sociales en América Latina. El segundo (Globalización, integración y cohesión social. El caso Mercosur); parte también del escenario internacional globalizado, para abordar sucesivamente aspectos soc…
This Summary of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1998-1999 is the first
chapter of the Survey, and is being published simultaneously in Spanish and English. It provides an
assessment of the region’s economy during 1998 and the first half of 1999. The summary also presents
a brief overview of the regional chapters of the Survey: the external sector, macroeconomic policy,
activity levels, inflation, employment, saving and investment. It is accompanied by a statistical
appendix containing 13 tables taken from the regional chapters, with data series through 1998.
Wide distri…
Esta síntesis del Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe, 1998-1999 corresponde al primer
capitulo de la publicación, y se divulga simultáneamente en español e inglés. Contiene una evaluación
de la economía de la región durante 1998 y el primer semestre de 1999. La síntesis incluye también un
resumen de los principales aspectos de los capítulos regionales del Estudio económico:sector externo,
política macroeconómica, nivel de actividad, inflación, empleo, ahorro e inversión. Va acompañada
de un anexo estadístico que contiene 13 cuadros incluidos en los capítulos regionales con series …
On this issue of the Bulletin an attempt is made to illustrate how modern Trade Facilitation techniques, with an emphasis on EDI, affect different parts of the society such as business, commerce, transport, administration and government.…
La presente edición del Boletín, busca ilustrar cómo las técnicas modernas de facilitación del comercio con énfasis en el Intercambio Electrónico de Datos (EDI), son un apoyo para los diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, como son los negocios, el comercio, el transporte, la administración y el gobierno, entre otros.…