Economic survey of the United States, 1992 = Estudio económico de los Estados Unidos, 1992

Economic survey of the United States, 1992 = Estudio económico de los Estados Unidos, 1992

Cooperación interempresarial: desafío a las políticas regionales: versión preliminar

The making of a negotiating position: the US Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) hearings

Costa Rica: evolución económica durante 1992

La industria argentina: un proceso de reestructuración desarticulada

Introducción El proceso de industrialización en la Argentina tiene su punto de partida a fines del siglo pasado acompañando al dinámico modelo agroexportador que estuvo vigente hasta la década de los años 30. A partir de esta fecha la industria pasa a ocupar un lugar de privilegio en la economía argentina bajo la modalidad del denominado proceso de sustitución de importaciones. En particular, en su segunda fase que comenzó en 1958, las actividades industriales fueron el motor de crecimiento de la economía, creadoras de empleos y la base de la acumulación del capital. Asimismo, se fue gene…

América Latina: comercio exterior según la Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme de Todas las Actividades Económicas (CIIU)

El Cuaderno Estadístico que se presenta a continuación contiene datos del comercio exterior organizados según la Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme de todas las actividades económicas, Revisión 2 (CIIU, Rev.2) y zonas copartícipes del comercio. Incluye información de los 11 países miembros de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI), los cinco países del Mercado Común Centroamericano (MCCA), el conjunto de cada agrupación subregional y el total de los 16 países, cuyo comercio exterior representa más del 90% del total de América Latina y el Caribe. Las series estadístic…

Incertidumbre macroeconómica e inversión en Uruguay

Industrialización y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Informe no. 14

Procedimientos de gestión para un desarrollo sustentable (aplicables a municipios, microrregiones y cuencas)

Política comercial y transformación productiva = Trade policy and changing production patterns

Política comercial y transformación productiva = Trade policy and changing production patterns

In memory of Pedro Vuskovic

For those of us who shared many years of friendship and professional collaboration with Pedro Vuskovic, the news of his recent death in Mexico has been the cause of great sorrow, not only because of the circumstances of his death, following a cruel disease that gradually sapped his physical -but not intellectual- strength, but also because it signifies the loss of a great Latin American, of a teacher who helped shape so many generations of young people in our region, and of a companion during so many days of intellectual strivings and political struggle. Pedro joined the Commission in 1950, sh…

Regional integration in the 1990s

The renewed interest sparked by the potential for intraregional cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean today has been reflected in numerous agreements regarding trade preferences and in attempts to establish free trade areas, customs unions or common markets. The possibility has even been discussed of setting up free trade arrangements on a hemispheric scale. This plethora of proposals inevitably raises a great many questions. What is the reason for this renewed interest? Are the differences between the schemes of today and those of the 1960s and 1970s significant enough to avert the o…

Trade liberalization in Latin America

A major shift has been observed in the development strategies of most of the Latin American countries in recent years. One sign of this change has been that the countries have increased the neutrality of their trade policy incentives in an effort to give greater priority to the market as a resource-allocation mechanism; it is also hoped that this will result in a more export-oriented production apparatus. The authors review these changes and, in assessing the results to date and the consistency of these policy packages, contend that their impact in terms of economic growth and changing product…

Growth crises and strategic turnarounds

The import-substitution strategy was entirely justified in the 1930s and continued to make sense until the late 1950s, so long as export opportunities were being dampened by the Great Depression, the Second World War and the reconstruction of Europe. From the 1960s on, however, it afforded diminishing returns as international trade burgeoned. During the 1980s, the macroeconomic instability caused by the debt crisis compounded the problems associated with this development strategy, which had begun to become apparent in the 1970s. Evidence to this effect was provided by the region's declini…

Market failure and technological policy

This article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering chang…

The monetary crisis, dollarization and the exchange rate

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on stabilization policies in conditions of high inflation in the light of the experience of Brazil and some other countries, especially the European monetary crises of the 1920s and the stabilization of the Argentine currency in 1991/1992. The paper begins with some comments on certain special features of situations of high inflation, with emphasis on the unfeasibility of following the sequence of measures recommended for dealing with only moderate imbalances. It goes on to criticise some aspects of the economic policy adopted in Brazil …

Financing decentralization

The financing of a State's sub-national levels of government, in federal and other systems alike, is an instrument of decentralization; first, each State has to decide what area of responsibility to assign to each governmental level and then it must design a suitable financing mechanism. If these sub-national governments' degrees of fiscal and administrative autonomy are not kept in alignment, then eventually the initiative may fail as the bodies at these levels gradually lose decision-making power within their sphere of responsibility. It is unlikely that sub-national levels of gove…

Intraregional migration of skilled manpower

Concern about the international migration of skilled human resources has traditionally focused on migratory flows to industrialized countries, i.e., about what has come to be known as the brain drain . There are, however, migratory movements of this segment of the labour force within the region as well. This horizontal migration is analysed briefly in the present article; in so doing, the author reviews its causes, possible implications, the characteristics of these flows of skilled migrants, and the relationship between what is to be observed in some countries and the o…