La contribución de la sociología al conocimiento del proceso de desarrollo latinoamericano estuvo estrechamente vinculada a los estudios sobre la estructura y estratificación sociales de la región y a los análisis e interpretaciones del carácter y comportamiento de los distintos grupos sociales. El esfuerzo de conocimiento se dirigió a establecer las formas específicas que presenta la estructura de clases y grupos sociales en la región, puesto que se postulaba que tales rasgos -propios de la situación latinoamericana- condicionaban la modalidad que adquiría el proceso de desarrollo. En el pres…
Este artículo pasa revista a diversas modificaciones en la economía regional y su efecto en la estratificación social, y analiza las posibilidades de acción política de los distintos sectores sociales. Diversas transformaciones en el terreno económico han modificado la tradicional heterogeneidad de la economía latinoamericana y la significación relativa de los distintos sectores de la economía, lo que se refleja, por ejemplo, en la nueva importancia de la agroindustria y la penetración recíproca del sector de los servicios y el sector productivo. Actualmente se acepta una diferenciación genéri…
The import-substitution strategy was entirely justified in the 1930s and continued to make sense until the late 1950s, so long as export opportunities were being dampened by the Great Depression, the Second World War and the reconstruction of Europe. From the 1960s on, however, it afforded diminishing returns as international trade burgeoned. During the 1980s, the macroeconomic instability caused by the debt crisis compounded the problems associated with this development strategy, which had begun to become apparent in the 1970s. Evidence to this effect was provided by the region's declini…
This article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering chang…
The financing of a State's sub-national levels of government, in federal and other systems alike, is an instrument of decentralization; first, each State has to decide what area of responsibility to assign to each governmental level and then it must design a suitable financing mechanism. If these sub-national governments' degrees of fiscal and administrative autonomy are not kept in alignment, then eventually the initiative may fail as the bodies at these levels gradually lose decision-making power within their sphere of responsibility. It is unlikely that sub-national levels of gove…
Sociology's contribution to our understanding of the Latin American development process has been closely linked to studies on the social structure and stratification of the region and to analyses and interpretations of the various social groups' characters and behaviour. This investigative effort has been directed towards ascertaining the specific forms taken by the structure of social groups and classes in the regi n, since it had been postulated that these traits -which are an inherent part of Latin America- were determinants of the patterns which the development process would foll…
This article provides an overview of a number of changes that have taken place in the region's economy, together with their effects in terms of its social stratification, and analyses the different social sectors' options for political action. A series of economic changes have altered both the traditional heterogeneity of the Latin American economy and the relative weight of its various sectors; this is reflected, for example, 9n the heightened importance of agribusiness and the reciprocal penetration of the services and production sectors. Today a generic distinction between i…