1 Ene 2014, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:27
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individuals spend their time, on a daily or weekly basis, is time-use surveys. These surveys take many
different forms to collect vital information which can be used to estimate not only the value of paid and
unpaid work, but also the composition of the labour force. The time-use survey is the only available tool
for measuring unpaid care work and is also a more cost effective method of collecting timely and accurate
data on the gender division of labour within households and the interdependence of the paid and unpaid
work undertaken by women and men. This data can be used to enhance the formu…
22 Oct 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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Water security which is essential to life and livelihood, health and sanitation, is determined not only by the water resource, but also by the quality of water, the ability to store surplus from precipitation and runoff, as well as access to and affordability of supply. All of these measures have financial implications for national budgets.
The water sector in the context of the assessment and discussion on the impact of climate change in this paper includes consideration of the existing as well as the projected available water resource and the demand in terms of: quantity and quality of surfa…
1 Jun 2008, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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This paper explores the usefulness of data deriving from Population and Housing Censuses in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the 2000 Round, in order to describe the patterns of penetration of ICT goods in the households of the countries in the region. With this purpose in mind, the report approaches the following issues: The availability of information on ICTs in the 2000 Census Round. Characteristics of the instruments used for registering and measuring the ownership of ICT goods. The penetration of the various kinds of ICT goods. Profile description of households with greatest connectivi…
1 Abr 2007, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:31
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This brief note presents some thoughts about the possible effects of the failure to renew the Andean Trade Preferences and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA); and its possible expiration this coming December 31. United States President, George W. Bush, asked his country's Congress to extend the validity of the trade preferences granted to the Andean countries under the ATPDEA. That news was welcomed and applauded by the Andean countries, which hailed this measure and promptly thanked the U.S. leader for his gesture.
Even so, it is evident that there are Congressmen in the United States who do …
This paper presents data on trends in U.S. antidumping filings against Latin America and Caribbean nations since 1980, investigates the economic determinants of these cases, and explores the effects for economies of the region. Of 2438 antidumping cases filed from 1995 to 2003, the U.S. filed 329 cases, 36 of these against Latin America. By way of comparison, 513 cases were filed by Latin American and Caribbean nations, with 113 of these targeting other Latin American countries and 57 cases directed at the U.S.
Over the longer period from 1980-2004, the countries of the region were targeted by…
15 Mayo 2025, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:44
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Latin American and Caribbean bond issuance in international markets amounted to US$ 121.8 billion in 2024, 36% higher than in 2023 and the strongest figure in three years. The average coupon rate, at 7.1%, was slightly above the 2023 level of 6.9%, indicating that financing costs remain elevated. Although the market was still open to high-yield issuers, investment grade bonds accounted for 57% of the region’s issuance.
In 2024, issuance of green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked (GSSS) bonds on international markets climbed by 6% relative to 2023, to a total of US$ 33.1 billi…
20 Feb 2025, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:44
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Latin America and the Caribbean is mired in a decades-long growth trap, and further hampered by global and regional conditions that limit the space for macroeconomic policies to spur economic growth in the region. The results of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2024 reveal weaker job creation, especially in the formal sector, with young people, women, older persons, migrants and rural dwellers among the most likely to be informal workers. In addition, an intensification of climate change effects will drastically reduce the number of jobs created in the medium term if mit…
The establishment of a single window is a crucial step in the move towards paperless trade, generating significant savings in time and money for companies as well as the different public bodies involved in foreign trade. Under the Trade Facilitation Agreement of the World Trade Organization, which entered into force in 2017, all the Organization’s members committed to maintaining or establishing a single window. Asia is home to some of the world’s largest trading economies and to several of the most advanced single windows. This report analyses and compares the main functionalities of four: th…
29 Abr 2024, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:44
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Through a combination of primary and secondary research, this study sheds light on the effects of the pandemic on the tourism industries of the small island states of Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Additionally, the study seeks to identify potential areas for niche market development to diversify the tourism sector in these destinations. Using a counterfactual analysis, visitor expenditure losses were estimated at over $7 billion over the period 2020 to 2022, among the three countries under review.
The easing of restrictions on movement in 2021 and 2022 however al…
6 Feb 2023, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:44
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and the response to it, have brought to light the importance of care for the sustainability of life, and the central role that care plays in the functioning of our economies and societies. The pandemic has exacerbated existing care needs, transformed conditions of paid and unpaid care work and, ultimately, increased the volume of women’s unpaid care work, deepening the associated gender gaps.
This study brings together evidence from across the globe on how the pandemic has impacted women’s unpaid care work, as well as exploring measures implemented…
In Caribbean small island developing States (SIDS), electrical power outages are frequent in the aftermath of major weather events. While local service disruptions often last a few days after these events, nationwide power grid failures lasting several weeks, or months have resulted in enormous social and economic impacts. In 2017, Hurricane Maria left 90 per cent of the population of Dominica without access to electricity for over four months (Commonwealth of Dominica, 2020) and caused a systemwide collapse of Puerto Rico's power grid that took 11 months to be entirely restored (Campbell…
27 Oct 2022, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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This paper uses an augmented gravity trade model to examine the impact of Chinese exports to the United States on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) exports to the same market over the last two decades. The analysis relies on a sample of 33 LAC countries and trade data disaggregated to the 10- digit Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) level. The results show that the impact of Chinese exports on US imports from LAC is negative and statistically significant across model specifications and levels of aggregation in the trade data. In addition, the model suggests that after accounting for such exp…
4 Mayo 2021, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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The United States economy contracted by 3.5% in 2020 —the worst performance since the Second World War— but is currently expected to grow by an estimated 6.5% in 2021, the fastest pace in three decades. While there is optimism for the growth outlook this year and beyond, uncertainty and risks prevail.
The United States economic outlook: 2020 in review and early 2021 developments presents and analyses the developments in the United States economy in 2020 and early 2021, and examines how they could affect financial conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean. The report includes a gender focus…
4 Nov 2020, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:44
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Over the past 50 years, the global annual production of plastics has increased dramatically, from 15 million tons in 1964 to roughly 311 million tons by 2014. This spectacular growth has occurred due to its unrivalled physical properties, which allow it to be widely applied in diverse economic production processes, at low cost. One of its main appplications has been in the packaging industry where roughly 26% of the global volume of plastics is used. More importantly, as much as 95% of plastic packaging – estimated at USD 80 – 120 billion annually - is for single-use, either as packaging or as…
28 Ene 2020, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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The economies of the Caribbean face several challenges, such as a lack of economies of scale in production of goods and services exacerbated by small populations, narrow internal markets and scarce capital, which limit the economic gains from self-sufficiency. For this reason, more emphasis should be placed on building export capacity and facilitating trade. If we examine the characteristics of firms in the subregion, the majority can be categorized as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, only about 13 per cent of these SMEs export. This suggests that on average the subregion i…
These are the main highlights of the Capital Flows to Latin America, Third Quarter 2019 edition:
• International bond issuance from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the third quarter (Q3) of 2019 was US$ 39.3 billion. It was up 17% from the second quarter, and up 541% from the third quarter of 2018, and it was the highest third-quarter issuance since 2010.
• From January to October 2019, the region’s total bond issuance reached US$ 103 billion, 20% higher than in the same period in 2018.
• The three top issuers, sovereign and corporate issuance combined, accounted for 65% of the tota…
Highlights:
-In the third quarter of 2018, the U.S. economy grew at an annualized rate of 3.5% after rising 4.2% in the second quarter. Growth remained strong, but its composition deteriorated, as inventories accounted for almost two-thirds of the growth. Growth was led by consumer spending, which contributed 2.45% to growth, down from 2.6% in the second quarter, and inventories, which contributed 2.3%.
-U.S. employers added 2,268,000 jobs from January to November 2018, more jobs than in 2017.
Unemployment rate held steady at 3.7% at the end of November, the lowest level since 1969, while year…
Due to historically low internal saving rates, access to external financing is very important to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), even more so in the context of the 2030 Agenda and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Public financing falls short of what is needed for this task and must be complemented with private flows, which in fact make up the bulk of the region’s external financing. The credit quality of the sovereigns in the region has an important role in determining how costly the access to private external financing can be.
This report examines the his…
8 Oct 2018, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:35
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This study was prepared under the United Nations Development Account project “Enhancing the Contribution of Preferential Trade Agreements to Inclusive and Equitable Trade”, implemented by the United Nations Regional Commissions for Asia (ESCAP), Africa (ECA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The project’s objective is to facilitate the negotiation of fair and equitable trade agreements that can contribute to a vision of development that combines growth with social inclusion.
The study evaluates the economic and social impacts resulting from the potential increase of commercial relat…
31 Ene 2018, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 13:24
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This paper examines the genesis and evolution of debt and debt overhang in the Caribbean with individual case studies, to extract lessons and make broad recommendations with regard to appropriate mechanisms and policy measures that can be implemented to reduce the debt burden of the subregion. The econometric model utilized in the paper has shown that a one percent increase on debt to GDP ratio causes a 0.015decline in real GDP growth for the countries in the Caribbean panel, suggesting that debt has a pernicious effect on growth on Caribbean economies. What is even more worrisome was that Car…