Search

161 search results. Displaying 20 per page.
Language

Aníbal Pinto Santa Cruz

1 April 1996 | Publication

Aníbal Pinto Santa Cruz, Director of the Review since 1986, died on 3 January. His death fills us with profound grief and leaves a deep vacuum in this organization. The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean benefited for many years from the intellectual sparkle and human warmth of Mr. Pinto, who served for several years as Director of the Economic Development Division. What is more, he was one of the personalities who gave the ECLAC secretariat a clear institutional identity. The depth and clarity of his analyses of Chile and its development process were matched by his real d…

Social policy paradigms in Latin America

1 April 1996 | Publication

In recent years, a new development model has arisen in Latin America whose spread has been facilitated by the changes which have taken place in the world economy (globalization, technological innovation); and their repercussions on the region. A consensus has been generated in respect of the model's economic tenets, and there is also widespread agreement --which is gradually being reflected in concrete measures-- on the role that should be assigned to the State. With regard to social policies, an awareness has been growing --with some difficulty-- of the limitations of the traditional way…

Virtues and limitations of census maps for identifying critical deficiencies

1 April 1996 | Publication

Critical deficiency maps, conceived as objective, uniformly applicable technical tools that could be employed to make social expenditure more efficient and effective, constitute the most ambitious and successful method devised to date for using census data for social planning in Latin America and the Caribbean. Nevertheless, while their importance and potential as a policy tool have gained increasing recognition, questions have arisen concerning their virtues and limitations and on how they could be made to serve the need for more complex social information or to reveal the changing forms that…

The State, business and the restoration of the neoclassical paradigm

1 April 1996 | Publication

The author describes the neoclassical restoration, which, from the 1970s onwards, took a radical approach to the search for a theory of development by attempting to fuse the particular characteristics of developing economies with the central ideas of economic theory. Intervention with the aim of furthering development was perceived not as a solution but as part of the problem, and adjustment programmes were oriented not so much towards correcting imbalances as towards establishing an economic structure close to neoclassical precepts. Several East Asian economies were chosen as examples of the …

Globalization and loss of autonomy by the fiscal, banking and monetary authorities

1 April 1996 | Publication

The idea that globalization impairs the sovereignty of the modern nation-State is increasingly accepted in some academic, government and international circles. Currently, there is generalized concern over the progressive erosion of national authorities' leeway for making decisions on matters of internal interest independently of outside influences. This perception has reached its extreme among those who feel that globalization has transformed the nation-State into a dysfunctional entity in a world without frontiers. It is understandable that a consensus should have grown up around this th…

Property rights and the rural land market in Latin America

1 April 1996 | Publication

Land distribution in Latin America is characterized by striking inequality. Notwithstanding the emergence of modern structures in some regions, a few huge land holdings are found alongside a large number of small ones. This situation has long been considered undesirable for reasons of social equity as well as for reasons of efficiency. The topic remains high on the political agenda. The ultimately disappointing results of past redistributive reforms have caused contemporary policy-makers to search for alternatives. In recent years attention has focused on the institution of private property ri…

The competitive challenge for Brazilian industry

1 April 1996 | Publication

This article defines the stages of development reached by industries that account for half of Brazil's total output and identifies the competitive challenges they face, including those associated with the country's industrial policy. Between 1980 and 1994, Brazilian industry experienced persistent macroeconomic instability as the country's trade liberalization efforts proceeded. By means of a series of adjustments, however, the sector did manage to adapt to this hostile environment; in fact, it not only survived but actually succeeded in maintaining its ability to help cover the…

ECLAC and the sociology of development

1 April 1996 | Publication

The principal sphere in which ECLAC's theses are situated is that of economics. However, as befits an integrated approach to development, the theories it has propounded also include sociological and political aspects. The social aspects of development have been a focus of attention at ECLAC since its creation, and in this area too it has endeavoured to avoid the mechanical transposition of existing theories to the region. Through an interchange of ideas with specialists from other institutions, it has sought to identify the specifically regional dimension of the problems dealt with and to…

Reformas de gestión en la salud pública en Chile

1 March 1996 | Publication

Antecedida por una larga fase de fuerte contracción del gasto que originó graves desequilibrios en el sector y rezagó sustancialmente la modernización de la organización sectorial, de sus recursos humanos y estilos de gestión, la actual reforma de gestión en la salud pública en Chile tiene lugar en un marco de expansión del gasto. La baja eficiencia del sector público y la inestabilidad del control de las remuneraciones como factor principal para competir con el sistema privado hace que esta renovación se esgrima como inevitable para mantener la ventaja de costos. Se ha acompañado de medidas d…

Estrategias empresariales en la transformación industrial argentina

1 March 1996 | Publication

RESUMEN La economía argentina está transitando un proceso de profundas transformaciones. La estabilización no es, simplemente, la solución de sencillos desequilibrios, sino que supone profundas reformas estructurales. Las recomendaciones que surgen en los programas de estabilización y reforma estructural inspirados en el denominado Consenso de Washington , que se articulan en la apertura, la desregulación y el proceso de privatizaciones, resultan insuficientes para aproximarse a entender las múltiples facetas que acompañan a la dinámica del cambio estructural. En particular, se dest…

Los paradigmas de la política social en América Latina

20 February 1996 | Publication

En los últimos años ha surgido en América Latina un nuevo modelo de desarrollo, cuya difusión fue facilitada por los cambios acaecidos en la economía mundial (globalización, innovación tecnológica); y sus repercusiones en la región. Se ha generado un consenso en torno a sus postulados económicos y también hay acuerdos --que se traducen lentamente en medidas concretas-- sobre los roles asignados al Estado. En cuanto a las políticas sociales, con dificultad se va tomando conciencia de las limitaciones de la manera tradicional de llevarlas a cabo y de la necesidad de renovar los criterios para su…

161 search results. Displaying 20 per page.