This article puts forth a hypothesis and a challenge.
The hypothesis: structural change in the international economy and in the management of public policy has brought about changes in economic performance, affected employment,
poverty, and equity and resulted in greater insecurity and
uncertainty. The challenge: coping with this insecurity and
uncertainty despite public policy's abandonment of its
historical role and the lack of success thus far of the new
approaches. This study points to the greater vulnerability
today stemming from the labour market as well as
asymmetries in trends in …
Foreword The 1990s were unquestionably a time of transition and reorientation in several aspects of Latin America and the Caribbean's economic, social and political development. As in any period with these characteristics, the effects of long-standing processes mingled and interacted with incipient change. When the decade ended, ECLAC wished to contribute to the evaluation of the main events that marked the consolidation of reform in the region, recognizing of course that the speed of progress varied from country to country and from sector to sector. This publication offers an analysis of…
En el último decenio del siglo XX, América Latina experimentó un vuelco extraordinario a medida que los países abandonaban, una tras otra la consigna de la industrialización autónoma, que habían preconizado los propios intelectuales en una etapa anterior, y se embarcaban en un nuevo modelo de desarrollo basado en las economías abiertas y en la competencia global. El neoliberalismo, como se ha denominado a este modelo, es en realidad una vuelta al pasado, cuando los países latinoamericanos participaban en la economía mundial sobre la base de sus ventajas comparativas como productores de bienes …
The author argues that the effectiveness of poverty alleviation instruments largely depends on how poverty is defined. The aim of reducing absolute poverty chiefly entails a discussion of growth, historically the main factor in this process. If poverty is defined in relative terms, on the other hand, then it is changes in inequality that are the main factor behind variations in its incidence. In any event, the relationship between the two potential sources of poverty reduction is crucial. This article summarizes the growth and distribution implications of growth-oriented policies in the first …
El autor sostiene que la efectividad de los instrumentos para
aliviar la pobreza depende considerablemente de cómo se defina
ésta. El propósito de disminuir la pobreza absoluta implica,
principalmente, una discusión del crecimiento, que ha sido
la fuente principal de su reducción secular. En cambio, si se
define la pobreza en términos relativos, los cambios en la desigualdad
pasan a ser la fuente principal de variaciones en su
incidencia. En cualquier caso, resulta central la relación entre
las dos fuentes potenciales de reducción de la pobreza.
El artículo reseña las implicaciones para el cre…
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