Las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales en América Latina y el Caribe en el Nuevo Modelo Económico

Perfil de los sistemas regionales de transporte en las Américas

Resumen La visión panorámica de los sistemas de transporte de la región permite destacar algunos rasgos importantes del transporte del comercio internacional en el hemisferio: - En el intercambio entre los grupos, domina el modo de transporte marítimo mientras que en el comercio interno a los grupos regionales, el transporte carretero es, en general y con la excepción del Caribe, el modo de transporte de mayor importancia, tanto en volumen como en valor. - El comercio intracontinental más intenso entre grupos corresponde lógicamente al que intercambian las economías regionales de mayor enverga…

Trade policy in CARICOM: overview of the main trade policy measures

Executive Summary This paper reviews trade policy regimes in CARICOM countries during the 1980s and 1990s. CARICOM trade policy regimes have undergone substantial changes in the 1990s reflecting the desire of the grouP's member countries to move away from inwardlooking to more outward-oriented growth and development. The growing recognition of the importance of export promotion policies led to the adoption of a programme for the Harmonization of Fiscal Incentives to Industry in 1993. All the CARICOM countries have introduced a series of export promotion measures, including fiscal incentiv…

Recent trade performance of Caribbean countries

Executive Summary The paper analyzes the evolution of trade patterns of the countries comprising the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC); with the following integration groupings: Andean Community, the Central American Common Market (CACM);, the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR);, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); and the European Union (EU); in the 1990s. CDCC trade with the Andean Community was relatively small compared to that with Europe or NAFTA. Non-CARICOM CDCC member countries were dominant in the Andean market with the average value of their expo…

Centroamérica: disponibilidad y acceso a tecnologías agrícolas para el desarrollo sostenible

Estrategias y políticas de desarrollo industrial en Centroamérica

Las políticas macroeconómicas y el entorno legal institucional en la industria maquiladora de exportación de México y Centroamérica

Recent global economic developments

Integración, convergencia y coordinación de la política macroeconómica en Centroamérica

Chile y Panamá: las condiciones de vida de los adultos mayores

Gestión de cuencas y ríos vinculados con centros urbanos

La gestión del agua es equivalente a la gestión de conflictos entre seres humanos y de éstos con el entorno. Un sistema de gestión del agua y de sus cuencas de captación se crea para evitar dichos conflictos, prevenirlos y solucionarlos. El ser humano debe aprender a vivir con estos conflictos y enfrentarlos adecuadamente, sabiendo además que la escasez relativa de agua se incrementará constantemente con el tiempo, producto del crecimiento económico, demandas sociales y cambios climáticos. La competencia entre usuarios será cada vez más drástica y despiadada por lo que se requiere disponer de …

Resultado de la encuesta de seguimiento a ex-participantes en los cursos del ILPES, 1992-1998

Centroamérica: avances en el cumplimiento de la plataforma y el programa de acción regional (1995-1999)

Labour costs and competitiveness in the Latin American manufacturing sector, 1990-1998

This article analyses the reduction of labour costs as a factor which helps to raise the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. It first reviews non-wage labour costs, both for workers with permanent contracts and those with only temporary contracts, or with no contracts at all, in order to show the differences that exist in non-wage labour costs according to the type of contract of the workers or their unregistered status, and the impact of these differences on the labour costs for each type of worker and the average labour costs. It then goes on to consider the evolution of labour costs …

Worker participation in company profits or operating results in Latin America

This article analyses the systems of worker participation in company profits or operating results applied in Latin America and their capacity to meet the needs of the economic context in which companies operate. After an introduction (section I);, a brief outline of variable wage systems is presented and the main features of the participation systems used in four Latin American countries (Chile, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela); are described (section II);. The characteristics of these systems are then compared with each other and with those of the system adopted in Brazil since 1994 (section III);…

Building community social capital

Social capital means the set of norms, institutions and organizations that promote trust and cooperation among persons in communities and also in wider society. In those formulations of the social capital paradigm (and of the neoinstitutional economics on which they are partly based); which focus on its collective manifestations, it is claimed that stable relationships based on trust and cooperation can reduce transaction costs, produce public goods and facilitate the constitution of social actors and even of sound civil societies. Community social capital is a particular form of social capita…

Technological maturity in the world petrochemical industry

This article presents a methodological and empirical approach to the measurement of technological maturity in a process industry, such as petrochemicals, at the international level. The main conclusion is that the degree of technological maturity determined in the exercise may vary, depending on the indicator used for measuring the life cycle of the industry. This finding is very important because the conventional indicators of market dynamism or production do not always reflect the degree of technological maturity of an industry or sector. Since technology is a decisive factor in the degree o…

Reform to health system financing in Chile

The reforms made in the early 1980s profoundly changed the structure and functioning of the health sector in Chile in both the private and the public subsectors. In spite of the considerable advances made since 1990, however, the public-private configuration resulting from those reforms has not allowed the shortcomings in terms of resource allocation and the access of the population to health services to be overcome. A proposal for reform of the sector should be aimed at developing mechanisms to raise the efficiency and efficacy of the resources allocated to it, as well as incorporating and im…

Manual de identificación, formulación y evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo rural

Resumen Este trabajo enfoca la problemática del desarrollo rural con una visión sistémica y renovada a la luz de las experiencias sobre intervención y mercado, atendiendo las particularidades de los proyectos y sus procedimientos de índole técnico, económico, social, institucional y participativo. Un gran énfasis se le ha asignado a los factores de mercado, tecnología y correcta identificación de beneficiarios a fin de maximizar el impacto de los recursos invertidos. Con el propósito de facilitar la comprensión de conceptos y la aplicación del manual, se incluye un caso explicativo que recorre…

Marcos regulatorios e institucionales ambientales de América Latina y el Caribe en el contexto del proceso de reformas macroeconómicas: 1980-1990

Introducción y objetivos En las dos últimas décadas la mayoría de los países de América Latina y el Caribe experimentaron cambios en sus normas e instituciones ambientales, los que pueden ser atribuidos a varias razones, entre ellas la recuperación de las instituciones democráticas, las reformas macroeconómicas que se generaron y el diseño de nuevas estructuras del Estado. También la apertura de las economías de los países de la región, en mayor o menor grado, trajo aparejada un efecto creativo en la necesidad de contar con políticas más específicas que estimularan la participación de to…