¿Es el grado de competitividad de los países independiente de su grado de desigualdad? ¿Es la competitividad una cuestión sólo de eficiencia microeconómica y sectorial, del tipo de cambio real, o es también una cuestión social? Hasta ahora los trabajos que se encuentra en la literatura han hecho abstracción del problema de la equidad en la determinación de la competitividad de los países. Pero entonces no han podido explicar plenamente la competitividad observada. En este artículo se incorpora la equidad en la función de producción y también en las decisiones de los inversionistas en un mundo …
En este artículo se analizan las relaciones entre la competitividad de una economía y las respectivas regulaciones laborales. Se argumenta que la teoría económica no es concluyente respecto del impacto de las regulaciones laborales en la competitividad, ya que diversas corrientes sostienen posiciones contradictorias en muchos aspectos. Por otra parte, las investigaciones empíricas han mostrado la escasa relevancia de la información aportada sobre esas presuntas vinculaciones. De lo anterior se desprenden consecuencias de política: los países tienen ante sí diversas estrategias y mayores márgen…
Is the degree of competitiveness of countries independent of their degree of inequality? Is competitiveness only a question of microeconomic and sectoral efficiency, of the real exchange rate, or is it also a social question? So far, the specialized literature has ignored the problem of equity in the determination of countries' competitiveness. It has then been unable to provide a full explanation of the competitiveness actually observed, however. In this article, equity is incorporated into the production function and also into investors' decisions in a world of perfect mobility of …
This article analyses the relations between the competitiveness of an economy and the labour regulations in force in it. It is argued that economic theory is by no means conclusive regarding the impact of labour regulations on competitiveness, since different schools of thought maintain opposing positions in many respects. Moreover, empirical research has shown that the evidence put forward with respect to these assumed linkages is not very relevant. Various policy consequences follow from this: countries have various strategies open to them and greater leeway that is usually suggested, since …
International experience shows that costfree replication and adoption of industrial best practices on a universal basis is a misconception. Rather, it is a matter of a progressive and reciprocal adaptation between external and local practices in which learning costs and times, as well as the need for public and private cooperation, are essential. The potential for convergence of policies, practices and institutions triggered by globalization appears to be greater at the macroeconomic than at the microeconomic level. This article examines such issues in a general way and then focuses on the di…
United Nations