This paper discusses the interplay between domestic policies and foreign interests under the institutional framework to be administered by' the World Trade Organization (WTO);. It presents a theoretical model that treats the WTO as the forum for an overlapping game which provides the rules for the maintenance of an open trading system among economies that are periodically submitted to protectionist pressures. Overlapping games occur when a particular player is engaged at the same time in games against distinct opponents, and when the strategy pursued in one game limits strategies availabl…
This article explores the causes, consequences, magnitude and forms of a phenomenon which is of fundamental importance in the current scene and has enormous implications for the Latin American economies: the growing pace of international capital movements. Many billions of dollars are shifted across national borders by satellite, and a small part of this amount has become the basic element in Latin America's external financing. This financial globalization has its roots in the accumulation of enormous tied liquid surpluses, the generalized liberalization of capital accounts after the coll…
The region's changeover from a shortage of external funds to a relatively plentiful supply of such resources at a time when an effort is being made to liberalize its trade and financial sectors raises a number of questions regarding the effect of this phenomenon on the growth of Latin American exports. In an effort to answer these questions, the author examines a number of different attempts to arrive at a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between exchange and trade policies and the region's export performance in the 1980s. The main conclusions drawn from this analysis are …
Most studies of the region's economy say little or nothing about the status of its environment and natural resources; few references are made to the environmental quality of population centres or to fluctuations in natural resource stocks, especially of renewable resources, despite their crucial importance for the region's development options. The no more than moderate pace of the region's absorption of technical progress, the intensification of its international trade and the declining value of the region's products in the international marketplace have all brought increas…
The greater openness to the outside world exhibited today by rural, peasant and indigenous groups is particularly notable among the young people in those populations, whose behavioural patterns, referents and expectations differ from those of preceding generations. At the same time, living conditions in the farming sector have improved very little, and agricultural producers' self-images have worsened; both of these factors prompt young people to leave the sector. Today, only half the people born in rural areas in the 1960s still live there. Not enough attention has been devoted to this s…
The central focus of this article is on the role played by transnational corporations in the industrial realignment of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico between the end of the import substitution stage and the early 1990s. Based on recently published studies dealing with the sweeping changes occurring in Latin America's manufacturing sector following the region's economic crisis and liberalization process, a computer programme developed by the ECLAC Division of Production, Productivity and Management has been used to examine the changes that have taken place in the sector's pr…
Dedicated to Fernando Fajnzylber, In memoriam
This article analyses the approach which ECLAC has taken to the subject of technology. In this respect, the author identifies two different periods. The first starts with the inception of ECLAC and continues up to the 1970s. This period, during which efforts focused on achieving Latin America's industrialization, essentially by means of import substitution, was characterized by what the author terms technological passivity on the part of the relevant agents and of mainstream economic thought in the region. The second period, from t…
El enfoque de esta edición está
dirigido a la planificación a nivel de cuenca.
Ultimamente, en varios países de la región
se muestra un renacimiento de la
consideración de la cuenca como la unidad
más apropiada para la gestión del agua.
Justamente es a nivel de la cuenca donde
debe ser posible obtener una mejor
integración entre todos los interesados en la
gestión del agua tanto del sector público
como del privado, tanto los que se interesan
en el uso productivo del agua como los que
luchan por su conservación.…
La edición 1994 del Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe contiene una selección actualizada a comienzos de diciembre de las principales series estadísticas disponibles sobre la evolución económica y social de los países de la región.…
La edición 1994 del Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe contiene una selección actualizada a comienzos de diciembre de las principales series estadísticas disponibles sobre la evolución económica y social de los países de la región.…
En el presente Cuaderno Estadístico se han
seleccionado las encuestas de presupuestos familiares
levantadas en 13 países de la región en el período
1982-1992, a saber: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, México,
Panamá, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela.…
El Cuaderno estadístico que se presenta a continuación contiene información sobre las exportaciones e
importaciones de los principales productos alimenticios de 21 países de América Latina y el Caribe,
según los países más importantes de destino y procedencia. Además, sobre la base de los datos a nivel
de país, se han hecho las siguientes agrupaciones de países: América Latina y el Caribe (21 países),
Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI), Mercado Común Centroamericano (MCCA), y
Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR).
Las estadísticas que se presentan corresponden a los años 1970, 1975, …
Resumen
En América Latina los planes de ordenamiento del uso del agua en las cuencas están vigentes otra vez. Existen dos motivos básicos que vuelven a poner a los planes de ordenamiento de cuencas en la agenda de los países: Una mayor competencia por el agua y la constatación de la necesidad de incorporar consideraciones ambientales en las decisiones. La cuenca, en particular el agua de la cuenca, es un buen punto de partida para considerar el medio ambiente.
La necesidad de elaborar planes es precedida por la confirmación o creación de entidades de cuencas en varios países. En el Perú, por e…