Latin America and the Caribbean: projections 2006-2007

This document was prepared by the Economic Projections Centre, under the supervision of Hubert Escaith, Director of the Statistics and Economic Projections Division of the ECLAC. André Hofman, Chief of the Economic Projections Centre (ECP), was in charge of technical coordination and for conducting the study. The assistance of the national and subregional offices and of the ECLAC Economic Development Division was much appreciated. The views expressed in this document, which have not been formally edited, are the sole responsibility of the working group and do not necessarily reflect the vi…

Capital flows to Latin America: first quarter 2006

Asset prices in emerging markets rallied to record highs in the first quarter of 2006, with bonds and equities posting strong performances on top of already remarkable 2005 gains. Spreads on dollar-denominated bonds issued by Latin American borrowers tightened by 68 basis points in the first quarter of the year, according to the Latin component of J.P. Morgan's EMBI+ index, while the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) for Latin America, an indicator of stocks' performance, increased by 15%. Emerging and Latin American markets continued to be supported by active debt managem…

Services in regional agreements between Latin American and developed countries

The paper analyses the main features of trade agreements covering services concluded between Latin American countries and developed country partners. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is devoted a full section with a view to setting out key analytical parameters for the ensuing approach to individual agreements with the United States, the European Union and Japan. By means of a very detailed comparison across agreements, a typology is established for classifying specific elements with relation to whether they simply mirror GATS provisions (GATS-neutral ), go beyond GATS pr…

Social Panorama of Latin America 2005

The 2005 edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America analyses recent poverty trends and the increase in migrant remittances, together with their impact on the well-being of the region's population. Short- and long-term trends in social spending, the distribution of such expenditures among the various socio-economic strata and their effects in terms of income deconcentration and increased well-being are also reviewed. The analysis seeks to explore the question as to whether the demographic transition taking place in the Latin American countries over the past 15 years has helped to narr…

Trade, direct investment and production policies

During the 1990s, the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean implemented a series of far-reaching structural reforms and took a new direction in terms of economic policy. At first, these liberalization measures were primarily focused on national financial markets and the initial opening-up of trade, but they were soon extended to include the swift liberalization of external capital flows, and some countries embarked upon intensive privatization programmes. This set of reforms generated increases in foreign trade (particularly exports) and higher foreign direct i…

United States economic outlook: quarterly developments

The Argentine labour market in a financially globalized world

Argentina's experience in recent decades as regards employment generation and wages has been very disappointing, and has had clear consequences for income distribution and other social indicators. This study examines the evolution of the labour market, with special emphasis on the 1990s, and also addresses the notable changes that have been taking place in recent years after the crisis of the convertibility regime. In general terms, it finds that the evolution observed in the labour market and income distribution is very closely linked with macroeconomic performance, both in previous phas…

CEPAL Review no.88

Shaping the future of social protection: access, financing and solidarity

Since the early 1990s, ECLAC has been advocating a new development paradigm that is better suited to a globalized world of open economies. While retaining the Commission's longstanding focus on seeking out positive synergies between economic growth and social equity as part of a productive modernization process, this paradigm also underscores the importance of enhancing competitiveness, preserving macroeconomic balances and strengthening a participatory and inclusive democratic political system. The idea at the core of this proposal is that the Lati…

SMEs in the environmental goods and services market: identifying areas of opportunity, policies and instruments: case studies: Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Mexico

Studies of Argentina, Colombia, Chile and Mexico conducted collaboratively by ECLAC and GTZ point to environmental impacts associated with small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the manufacturing sector. This impact is essentially local, though it can become significant at the aggregate level, i.e., SMEs are responsible for some of the environmental problems caused by industry as a whole. Though SMEs account for only a small fraction of such problems -at the national level, the effect is often marginal in terms of environmental degradation- the impact may be significant and fairl…

Capital flows to Latin America: year end 2005

Emerging market bond spreads tightened to record low levels in 2005, as a result of the search for yield in face of ample global liquidity and improving fundamentals in emerging market countries. According to J.P. Morgan, most of the EMBI Global's 8.96% total return in 2005 was derived from spread tightening, which totaled 110 basis points in 2005. The EMBI+ spreads tightened 111 basis points and its Latin component tightened 137 basis points in 2005. Emerging and Latin American markets were also supported by active debt management, as countries took advantage of the favorable external en…

Regional financial cooperation

Contents Foreword Regional Financial Cooperation: Experiences and Challenges, José Antonio Ocampo Reforming the Global Financial Architecture: The Potential of Regional Institutions, Roy Culpeper Regional Development Banks: A Comparative Perspective, Francisco Sagasti and Fernando Prada Regional Exchange Rate Arrangements: The European Experience, Charles Wyplosz European Financial Institutions: A Useful Inspiration for Developing Countries? Stephany Griffith-Jones, Alfred Steinherr, and Ana Tereza Fuzzo de Lima Macroeconomic Coordination in Latin America: Does It Have a Future? J…

National public investment systems in Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tabago

This document synthesizes the principal characteristics of National Public Investment Systems (SNIP) in Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago as a representative picture of the situation in the entire Caribbean subregion. In preparing this document, all variables that make up the Investment Systems have been analysed following the ILPES methodological approach applied to other Latin American countries, in order to facilitate a comparative analysis and highlight the main differences, similarities and distinctive characteristics while taking into account the institutions, standards, …

Agricultural transformation and Gender considerations in Caribbean Economics

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the gender and social disparities existing in the agricultural and rural sector in Caribbean economies. In this context, agricultural transformation as occasioned by the dismantling of preferential trading arrangements is analysed to identify the most relevant gender discriminatory measures in the current agricultural development policy and programmes. The analysis seeks to provide the basis for enhancing understanding among policy makers, planners and rural development practitioners of the gender and social dimension involved in the formulati…

Issues and challenges in Caribbean cruise ship tourism

Caribbean tourism and agriculture: Linking to enhance development and competitiveness

This study examines current trends in tourism and agriculture in Caribbean countries and the strategy for linking them in order to facilitate their future development. The tourism industry has, in the past, developed largely apart from other sectors such as agriculture. On the other hand, agriculture has developed mainly to satisfy export markets. Domestic agriculture has had limited development and has therefore been displaced to a considerable extent by food imports. The recent promotion of agriculture tourism linkages is an attempt to enhance the local value added of the tourism industry, w…

The statistical infrastructure of Caribbean countries

Introduction. Scope and methodology results. Conclusion. Recommendations. Annex 1: data series collected. Annex 2: data series to be collected in the next 2 years. Annex 3: publications. Annex 4: future publications. Annex 5: statistical infrastructure survey .…

Long term growth in the Caribbean: a balance of payments constraint approach

The long-term growth of economies of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) exhibits three characteristics. First, the aggregate rate of growth of CARICOM economies has declined over time. Second, the decline is attributed mainly to the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) as the More Developed Countries (MDCs) have in fact improved their growth performance. Third, all economies show a stagnation in growth since the middle of the 1990s. Fourth, a process of increasing divergence characterizes the growth performance of CARICOM economies.…

Capital flows to Latin America: 2005 highlights

In 2005, abundant global liquidity, as well as low bond yields and flat yield curves, encouraged investors to seek higher returns in emerging markets, compressing credit spreads and helping borrowers to increase new bond issuance and engage in liability management. Investors were also encouraged by improving credit quality in emerging markets, pouring record amounts of money in mutual funds specializing in emerging market nations, helping to raise the total private capital flowing to those countries to unprecedented highs. Against this backdrop, spreads reached record low levels (below pre-As…

Social security in the English-speaking Caribbean

Over the last years issues concerning social security have become important items on the economic and political agenda as given current projections, the financial sustainability of current social security schemes is questioned. Research on social security in the Caribbean is however rather limited, providing decision makers with few answers on how to tackle the issue of reform in the region. This paper highlights the current status of social security in the region. By presenting indicators of recent performance and identifying challenges that schemes in the region face, the study aims to contr…