International experience shows that costfree replication and adoption of industrial best practices on a universal basis is a misconception. Rather, it is a matter of a progressive and reciprocal adaptation between external and local practices in which learning costs and times, as well as the need for public and private cooperation, are essential. The potential for convergence of policies, practices and institutions triggered by globalization appears to be greater at the macroeconomic than at the microeconomic level. This article examines such issues in a general way and then focuses on the di…
The pending widening of the European Union to the East has revived concerns in Latin America that Europe may become more inwardlooking. However, booming trade and foreign direct investment (FDI); relations between current EU members and Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs); are unlikely to harm Latin America. Trade patterns suggest that Latin America's exports to the EU are complementary to the exports of the CEECs. Moreover, the recent surge of FDI flows to various host countries, including several Latin American economies, indicates that new investment opportunities in CEECs …
The environment industry, which includes a wide range of products and services relating to the monitoring, treatment, control and management of industrial and domestic pollution, has grown rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s in response to environmental regulations. Due to the relatively early application of these regulations in the United States, Europe and Japan, these areas have become competitive producers and exporters of environmental products and services. As the industrial sector has developed, environmental awareness has been raised and competition and international trade in the enviro…
This article analyses the relation between the 1992 Dublin Principles, integrated water planning, and water law. The Dublin Principles were an attempt to concisely state the main issues and purpose of water management in the following terms: fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment; water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels; women play a central part in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water; and water has an economic val…
Introducción (primeros párrafos);
La Argentina, un país de base productiva eminentemente agrícola, encaró a partir de la crisis del año 1930 un proceso de industrialización fuertemente intervenido por la acción estatal. Esta experiencia de industrialización tardía se constituyó - con más claridad a partir de la posguerra- en un ejemplo típico de las llamadas Iniciativas de Sustitución de Importaciones (de aquí en más, ISI);.
El desempeño económico del país a lo largo de los casi cincuenta años que estuvo vigente la ISI no fue homogéneo, pero puede decirse que la Argentina logró llevar a cabo l…
Resumen
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los regímenes de regulación de los mercados de gas natural en los países de América Latina que, como Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile y México, han avanzado significativamente en el desarrollo de su mercado interno, haciendo también algunas consideraciones sobre países como Perú y Venezuela, que al momento de redactar este documento no han definido aún su régimen regulatorio.
El primer capítulo analiza el panorama mundial de la industria de gas natural, precisando la significación de América Latina, a fin de identificar el nivel de reservas,…
This edition of the FAL Bulletin deals with maritime transport in the Caribbean and focuses on structural changes in liner shipping and its impact on ports and transhipment in the Caribbean. The article has been written by Dr. Gustaaf de Monie of Policy Research Corporation N.V., Antwerp, Belgium, and is based on the study Caribbean Ports Scan , which is about to be published by Policy Research Corporation (Fax 32-3-2869496). The opinions expressed in this article are of the author and may not necessarily coincide with the views of ECLAC. The main purpose of this edition is to enc…
Esta edición del Boletín FAL aborda el transporte marítimo en el Caribe y se concentra en los cambios estructurales en las líneas navieras y su impacto en los puertos y el transbordo en el Caribe.Este artículo ha sido preparado por Gustaaf de Monie de Policy Research Corporation N.V., Amberes, Bélgica, y se basa en el estudio titulado Caribbean Ports Scan , que próximamente será publicado por Policy Research Corporation (Fax +32-3 286 9496). Las opiniones expresadas en este artículo son del autor y pueden necesariamente no coincidir con las de la CEPAL. El principal propósito de est…
Summary
This document outlines the recent economic performance of the Caribbean countries and some of the salient issues and problems confronting policy making at this time. A discussion on trading relationships and the prospects facing the Caribbean in the changing regional and world environment follows. The Lome Convention, bananas, the Sugar protocol, the state of the Caribbean Community, CARIBCAN and the CBI are examined in this section. Challenges facing state reform, such as poverty, social services and the financial system are highlighted.…
Resumen El presente estudio trata de la relación entre el notable desempeño de las exportaciones chilenas en los dos últimos decenios y la elevada tasa de crecimiento económico que viene registrando desde mediados de los años ochenta. Primero que nada. procura determinar si la experiencia chilena es un caso de crecimiento inducido por las exportaciones o bien uno de exportaciones inducidas por el crecimiento . Mediante el análisis de series cronológicas se comprueba que las dos variables exógenas que explican el crecimiento chileno son las exportaciones y la inversión mientras…