Access to Latin American and Caribbean Exports in the United States market, 2001-2002 is the eighth annual report released by the ECLAC Washington Office, updating information contained in previous reports. Its aim is to compile and make available information on trade inhibiting measures that Latin American and Caribbean exports encounter in the United States market. This report needs to be placed in the context of a trade relationship between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean, which has grown strongly over the years to the benefit of both economies. Moreover, it must be …
Los sistemas de protección social enfrentan serios descalces
entre la necesidad y la disponibilidad de recursos financieros
para cubrir las demandas. Por ello, tanto la contención de costos
como la necesidad de aumentar la cobertura poblacional de
los sistemas son elementos de cualquier propuesta de reforma.
Para avanzar hacia la universalidad de los beneficios hay que
fortalecer simultáneamente la eficiencia y la solidaridad. Una
estrategia de reforma no sólo debe considerar las restricciones
financieras impuestas desde la macroeconomía, sino también
que el esquema elegido puede acarrear fuer…
Social protection systems have to cope with large
discrepancies between the financing needed to cover demand
and the resources actually available. For this reason, it is
necessary for any reform proposal to include elements of
cost restraint as well as measures to increase the population
coverage of systems. Efficiency and solidarity must improve
together if progress is to be made towards universality of
benefits. Any reform strategy needs to consider not only the
financial constraints imposed by the macroeconomy, but also
the heavy drain on financial resources and the effects on the
fiscal ac…
Stable development and financing of the social protection
system, one of the priorities of fiscal policy in Chile over
recent years, has helped to reduce poverty and indigence,
particularly since the 1990s. The fiscal accounts have been
managed prudently, and budgetary balance and efficient
administration have been given priority over short-term
objectives. Even so, poverty is still a fact of life and the
poor are still vulnerable to drastic falls in income. This means
that an effort is still required to modernize fiscal policy and
develop new institutional arrangements for the social
protecti…
En cumplimiento de los mandatos contemplados en su programa de trabajo sobre el tema de las drogas, la División de Desarrollo Social de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL);, ha publicado una serie de documentos referidos, principalmente, al tema de la prevención.
En el presente trabajo se procurará analizar algunos aspectos de este tema desde un ángulo diferente: el de la reducción de la oferta.
La reducción de la oferta y disponibilidad de las drogas ilícitas implica acciones en el ámbito de la sustitución de cultivos y el desarrollo alternativo, así como distintos i…
Insurance policies are required, along with other measures, to deal with the magnitude and depth of social and economic risk in Latin America. The peculiarities of insurance markets (such as the constraints of the pricing system, the intrinsic characteristics of insurance as an economic good and its dimensions as a public good, its externalities, and risk selection with its adverse effects on equity and efficiency); justify the consolidation of stable, appropriate risk diversification and financing that is oriented by the principle of solidarity, with funding either from compulsory contributio…
La profundidad y magnitud del riesgo social y económico en
América Latina exigen, entre otras medidas, políticas de aseguramiento.
Las singularidades de los mercados de aseguramiento
—como las restricciones del sistema de precios, las características
intrínsecas del aseguramiento como bien económico
y sus dimensiones de bien público, sus externalidades, la
selección de riesgo y sus efectos adversos para la equidad y la
eficiencia— justifican consolidar una diversificación de riesgos
adecuada y estable, y orientar su financiamiento por el
principio de solidaridad, sea mediante cotizaciones obli…
O texto aborda implicações de hipotéticos resultados da negociação da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA) sobre o Investimento Externo Direto (IED) em um conjunto selecionado de segmentos de serviços —a saber, seguro-saúde, seguro de crédito à exportação, transportes terrestres, serviços de engenharia e serviços profissionais. Partindo-se do pressuposto de homogeneização regulatória, cujo centro de gravidade estaria nas economias desenvolvidas da ALCA, examina-se em que medida o atual panorama para produtores locais, naqueles segmentos, viria a mudar diante das possibilidades…
Abstract This paper addresses the social effects of macroeconomic volatility in Brazil, as well as the burdens and challenges it has been imposing on social policies. Volatility is analyzed both in terms of its internal causes and those related to the world economy, as well as in its social effects and on policies aimed at counterbalancing them. The period covered by the analysis extends from 1995 to 2002, and coincides with President Cardoso's two terms. It is marked by increasing economic volatility, as he moved from the first to the second term. To understand this increased vola…
En este trabajo se considera la creación del Ministerio de Desarrollo Humano (MDH); en Bolivia, como un paso adicional en los intentos de paliar los efectos de las reformas del aparato de Estado en el área social y, al mismo tiempo, complementar dichas reformas, en el marco de las transformaciones socioeconómicas que el país enfrentó a partir de agosto de 1985 y que lo condujeron hacia un modelo de economía abierta al exterior y liberalizada internamente.
Luego de analizar diseños institucionales que anteceden al MDH, como el Fondo Social de Emergencia y el Consejo Nacional de Política Social,…
Abstract This paper uses a political economy approach to examine the nature and social impact of Ireland's economic 'miracle', namely the period of high economic growth known as the 'Celtic Tiger', which lasted from 1995 until 2000. Its principal purpose is to offer a broad and multifaceted reading of this period of Irish development, paying particular attention to the links between macroeconomic success and social vulnerability, in order to draw policy lessons for Latin America. The examination of the Celtic Tiger is prefaced by a brief introduction to some of the sa…
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