The organic food market in the United States has shown impressive growth rates since the passage of legislation to regulate the market in the early 2000s. Rapidly increasing consumer demand for organic products has led to significant organic market expansion, with double-digit annual sales growth rates for some product categories. The increasing demand to import certain organic products from international sources presents an interesting trade potential for exporters from Latin America and the Caribbean. In order to guard the integrity of the domestic organic market, the United States has deter…
During this decade, Latin America's economic and trade relations with Asian countries have grown considerably, and this is reflected in the figures and the rise in the number of trade agreements included between countries of the two regions. However, these links still feature asymmetries that remain a challenge, particularly for Latin American countries.
In this context, this week the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) will hold two seminars at its headquarters in Santiago, Chile, both opened by the Executive Secretary, Alicia Bárcena.
On Wednesday 21 August will t…
Durante la década más reciente, las relaciones económicas y comerciales de América Latina con los países asiáticos han mostrado un crecimiento importante, que se evidencia tanto en las cifras como en el aumento de acuerdos comerciales suscritos entre países de ambas regiones. Sin embargo, estos vínculos aún presentan asimetrías, las cuales siguen siendo un desafío, especialmente para los países latinoamericanos.
En este contexto, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) realizará esta semana dos seminarios en su sede de Santiago de Chile, los cuales serán inaugurados por s…
In the face of weak global growth in major export markets the Caribbean economies have underperformed. The situation is much more severe among service producers1 which have suffered the decline in tourist arrivals and offshore banking services. The goods producers have benefited from the commodity boom and have tended to show more robust growth. The expectations for 2013 are that growth will be positive in the region with the service producers growing at 1.5per cent and the goods producers at 3.6per cent. This performance will depend heavily on improved performances in the major export markets…
This study analyses how far the strong expansion of Argentine exports since
2003 has been due simply to favourable external conditions and how industrial
manufactures have behaved. It finds that the country's pattern of international
specialization has not greatly altered at the major category level, but that both
primary products and manufactures of agricultural origin, which account for much of
the trade surplus, have undergone significant changes in composition. In addition,
regional trade has consolidated and traditional partners such as the European Union
and the United States have b…
This paper examines the extent to which China's entry into the World Trade
Organization (WTO) in 2001 and subsequent surge in global exports affected the
composition of trade between the United States and Mexico through 2009. The
authors found that China's entry had a significant impact on the trade relations
between these two North American countries, replacing and displacing many of the
export strongholds in place before China joined the WTO and after the first stage
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994-2000). Based on this
research, the authors offer a variety …
This paper explores the impact of the terms of trade on output fluctuations in
Colombia, a developing country where as much as 62% of export earnings come
from just four commodities: oil (42%), coal (14%), coffee (5%), and nickel (1%). This
research was prompted by: the particular role of short-run fluctuations in developing
economies, the fact that the Colombian terms of trade are procyclical, and the
discussion on economic policies towards sterilization of the effects of commodity
prices. Following time series analysis for the period 1994 -2011, robust evidence was
found indicating that arou…
En este artículo se explora la incidencia de los términos de intercambio en las fluctuaciones de la producción en Colombia, un país en desarrollo cuyos ingresos por exportaciones proceden mayoritariamente (en un 62%) de solo cuatro productos básicos: el petróleo (42%), el carbón (14%), el café (5%) y el níquel (1%). Esta investigación fue motivada por el papel especial que desempeñan las fluctuaciones de corto plazo en las economías en desarrollo, por el hecho de que los términos de intercambio de Colombia sean procíclicos y por la discusión acerca de las políticas económicas orientadas a este…
The Asia-Pacific region has been the setting for major changes in economic integration over the past 20 years. This applies to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), as well as the entry into force over the next few years of the free trade agreement between China, Japan and South Korea (with negotiations beginning this year).
The most recent decade has also seen an increase in economic and trade relations between Latin America and Asia-Pacific, not only in terms of the sums involved but also with a major rise in trade agreements between countries of the two regions. &n…
La región de Asia Pacífico ha sido escenario de importantes transformaciones en materia de integración económica durante las dos últimas décadas. Este ha sido el caso de los procesos de la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN), a los que se puede sumar la entrada en vigor en los próximos años de un acuerdo de libre comercio entre China, Japón y Corea del Sur, cuyas negociaciones comenzarían este año.
En la década más reciente también han crecido las relaciones económicas y comerciales entre América Latina y Asia Pacífico, no solo en cuanto a los montos involucrados, sino además p…
A região Ásia-Pacífico tem sido cenário de importantes transformações em matéria de integração econômica ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Este foi o caso dos processos da Associação de Nações do Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN), ao que se pode agregar a entrada em vigor nos próximos anos de um acordo de livre comércio entre China, Japão e Coreia do Sul, cujas negociações começariam neste ano ainda.
Na década mais recente também têm crescido as relações econômicas e comerciais entre a América Latina e a região Ásia-Pacífico, não só em termos dos montantes envolvidos, mas também por um importante aume…
The carbon footprint is not only a possible threat to the international trade of Latin America and the Caribbean. It can also be a source of competitive opportunities. This is according to the preliminary results of the carbon footprint and exports project that the ECLAC Division of International Trade and Integration has been carrying out since 2012 with the support of the United Nations Development Account.
For business owners in countries that are directly or indirectly involved in the project (Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Argentina, Peru and Uruguay), what is…
La huella de carbono no solo es una eventual amenaza para el comercio internacional de América Latina y el Caribe. También puede ser fuente de oportunidades competitivas. Así lo demuestran los resultados preliminares del proyecto sobre huella de carbono y exportaciones que desde 2012 ejecuta la División de Comercio Internacional e Integración de la CEPAL, con el apoyo de la Cuenta del Desarrollo de la Naciones Unidas.
Para los empresarios de los países que participan directa o indirectamente en este proyecto (Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, República Dominicana, Argentina, Perú y Uruguay), …
O rastro de carbono não é uma eventual ameaça apenas para o comércio internacional da América Latina e do Caribe. Também pode ser fonte de oportunidades competitivas. Assim o demonstram os resultados preliminares do projeto sobre rastro de carbono e exportações que desde 2012 executa a Divisão de Comércio Internacional e Integração da CEPAL, com o apoio da Conta de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas.
Para os empresários dos países que participam direta ou indiretamente neste projeto (Colômbia, Equador, Nicarágua, República Dominicana, Argentina, Peru e Uruguai), a denominada "agenda positi…
Nuestra civilización ha sido construida sobre la base de los combustibles fósiles. Antes de las crisis del petróleo en los años 70 y de la revolución de la microelectrónica y las telecomunicaciones, el ADN de nuestro paradigma productivo era la hipótesis de petróleo abundante y barato. Esto explica la constante resistencia a aceptar la evidencia científica del cambio climático y sus repercusiones sobre el planeta y la humanidad.
Según un artículo reciente del periodista Martin Wolf publicado en el Financial Times (Global inaction shows that the climate sceptics have already won), entre 1991 y …
El propósito de este documento es identificar la existencia o ausencia de comercio intraindustrial entre las economías de Asia Pacífico y la Alianza del Pacífico, en nueve de los doce sectores identificados como prioritarios por la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN). En primer lugar, se realiza la caracterización económica y comercial de cada uno de los bloques en estudio; luego, se procede al análisis del comercio interregional entre los mismos. Se finaliza con el análisis del índice de Grubel-Lloyd ponderado, a través del cual se mide el comercio intraindustrial en cada uno …
United Nations