Introducción
La crisis económica, política y social que caracterizó a Bolivia durante la primera mitad de la década de 1980, determinó la necesidad de impulsar un nuevo modelo de desarrollo en el país, basado en un programa de estabilización económica, de carácter ortodoxo, a partir de la promulgación del Decreto Supremo 21060, en agosto de 1985, que instauraba la Nueva Política Económica, y en la implementación paulatina de reformas estructurales, enmarcadas en los lineamientos del 'Consenso de Washington', que se llevaron a cabo con mayor énfasis a partir de los años noventa.El obj…
Summary During the 1980's, the Dominican Republic made attempts at macroeconomic reform that saw little success. A decade later a stabilization and structural reform package was implemented. This package included, among other aspects, inflation control through monetary restraint and a tax and tariff reform which sought to increase the efficiency of the prevailing tax structure and eliminate its relative price distortion while maintaining fiscal equilibrium. Price stabilization was achieved, nominal import tariff rates were reduced and the economy started on a growth trajectory th…
Summary Following a period of economic growth, political stability and poverty reduction spanning two decades (1960-1979), Costa Rica experienced at the beginning of the 1980´s the worst recession in its most recent history. In 1981 and 1982 gross domestic product (GDP) fell by -2.3% and -7.3%. Analysts pinpoint to short term economic factors and long run structural problems as the main causes of the recession. Short term economic factors comprise the end of the coffee price bonanza and the second oil shock. Long run structural factors are rooted in the economic imbalances generated b…
This study attempts to contribute to a better understanding of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America and the Caribbean by examining the plentiful but disparate statistical information available on the subject within the context of a conceptual framework based on an analysis of corporate strategies. The research programme of the Unit on Investment and Corporate Strategies is structured around the analysis of the specific situations of individual investor countries and of FDI recipient countries and destination industries in the region. This research, combined with the statistical inf…
El presente estudio tiene por objeto contribuir a comprender mejor el fenómeno de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en América Latina y el Caribe, examinando la abundante pero heterogénea información estadística disponible sobre el tema en el contexto de un marco conceptual basado en un análisis de las estrategias empresariales. El programa de investigación de la Unidad de Inversiones y Estrategias Empresariales está estructurado en el estudio de las situaciones particulares de determinados países inversionistas, de países receptores de IED y de industrias de destino de la IED en la región…
Abstract
The growing participation of developing countries in multilateral trade liberalization, as well as the boom of free trade agreements that grant exclusive preferences to its members, are both closely related to what has been denominated as 'open regionalism'. Additionally, this regionalism is associated with a process of 'deep integration' that transcends free trade issues.
The concepts of 'deep regionalism' and 'open regionalism' do not have a precise definition and rather refer to a range of strategic decisions which governments might resort to…
Este artículo pone de relieve la necesidad de complementar las políticas macroeconómicas de estabilización, desregulación y apertura con otras políticas macroeconómicas y microeconómicas que revitalicen el crecimiento y la competitividad de los países de la región. En el ámbito nacional, a nivel macroeconómico, es preciso elevar el ahorro interno y canalizarlo hacía la inversión productiva en el contexto local. A nivel microeconómico hay que desarrollar y consolidar en los países un sistema innovador de carácter genérico, que apoye la transformación productiva de la economía y la transición ha…
This article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering chang…
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