Tourism has been a very dynamic activity worldwide over the last fifteen years (until the 2008-2009 economic crisis);. Some developing countries have been very active in promoting this activity and have been successful. Among these countries are several from the Central American region, where tourism accounted for more than 8% of Costa Rican and Panamanian GDP in 2006. Tourism is a very broad activity, which includes leisure, business and family visits, but statistics for this region do not allow a distinction between these categories. Some countries are more specialized in leisu…
En los 15 años anteriores a la crisis económica de 2008 y 2009, el turismo había sido muy dinámico a nivel mundial. En algunos países en desarrollo se ha promovido activamente esta área con éxito. Entre estos países se encuentran varios de Centroamérica, entre los que se destacan Costa Rica y Panamá, pues en 2008, dicha actividad generó más de 8% de sus respectivos PIB. El turismo es una categoría muy amplia, que incluye el turismo de ocio, las visitas de negocio y las familiares, pero en general las estadísticas subregionales no proveen información para estos distintos nichos de mercado…
Food safety and agricultural health standards have become a mayor challenge for food exports from developing countries in the past few years (Jaffe & Henson, 2005; OECD, 2003; Josling, Roberts & Orden, 2004; Maskus & Wilson, 2001). As tariff rates were negotiated down in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and in regional and bilateral trade agreements, international trade in agro-food products increased substantially and so did concerns over food safety and agricultural health in food importing countries. Several countries, including the U.S, started to pay closer at…
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